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| Manifestations | Explanations |
| Alternate chills and fever | Pathogenic factor attacking Shaoyang so the struggle between the pathogenic factor and anti-pathogenic factor is carried on and gives rise to the symptom. |
| Stifling sensation and fullness in the chest and hypochondriac region | Qi stagnation in the Shaoyang channels. |
| Loss of appetite Irritability Vomiting | Pathological change of the Shaoyang (gall bladder) affecting the stomach, leading to upward perversion of the stomach Qi |
| Bitter taste in the mouth Dry throat Dizziness | Flaring up of fire in the Shaoyang channels. |
| Thin, white tongue coating Wiry pulse | Pathological change of Shaoyang located between the semi-exterior and semi-interior of the body. |
Minor Decoction of Bupleurum is a classical prescription in TCM that originates in the Han Dynasty Doctor Zhang Zhongjing's masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Disease. Modern researches have proved that the recipe has some effects of inhibiting bacteria, viruses and leptospira, relieving the reaction of the human body to the invaded pathogen, and remarkably allaying fever and resisting inflammation. In addition, the recipe also has the effects of promoting digestion, preventing vomiting, expelling phlegm, relieving cough, protecting the liver, normalizing the functioning of the gallbladder and tranquilizing the mind. The recipe can be modified as herbal supplement for the common cold, malaria, infection of biliary tract, hepatitis, pleuritis, chronic gastritis, indigestion, mastosis, intercostal neuralgia, neurosis and AIDS marked by the symptoms of shaoyang disease.
小柴胡汤及加减方在国内被广泛用来治疗传染病、呼吸系统疾病、心血管及血液疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、过敏性疾病、精神、神经及运动系统疾病、妇产科疾病、外科疾病等多种疾病。
小柴胡汤出自《伤寒论》,是张仲景根据邪犯少阳,致少阳枢机不利而设,历来被认为是“和法”的代表方。
小柴胡汤共由七味药物组成,即柴胡、黄芩、人参、半夏、甘草、生姜、大枣。
从组成药物的性味来看,其配伍有三个特点:柴胡、黄芩性味均属苦寒,但柴胡味辛,气味俱薄,具有轻清升散的特点,而黄芩气味较重,降泄作用较强,两药相配,性寒而升降并用。生姜、半夏性味均属辛温,但生姜以辛散作用为主,而半夏具有降逆特点,两药相配性温也是升降并用。人参、大枣、甘草性属甘。
从组成药物的药效配伍来看,其配伍特点也可归纳为以下三个方面:①柴胡、黄芩合用,透邪解郁,清泻胆热,达到和解少阳的目的,使气郁得达,火郁得发,以祛邪为主。②生姜配半夏为止呕圣药,使胃气得以和降,以调畅气机为主。③人参、大枣、甘草配伍,有补中益气的作用,防患于未然,以扶正为目的。
综合小柴胡场的性味功效,可以看出该方集寒热、升降、补泻于一方,既各奏其功效又相辅相成,构成一个有机整体,从而达到寒温并用、攻补兼施的目的。
小柴胡汤的主治是什么?《伤寒论》第10条指出:“伤寒中风,有柴胡证,但见一证便是,不必悉备”,仲景明确提出了小柴胡汤的适应证。
从《伤寒论》第96条可以看出,柴胡证有两类证候即必然证和或然证。
必然证是指“寒热往来,胸胁苦满,嘿嘿不欲饮食,心烦喜呕”四大症状,这些症状是临床上必然出现的,反映疾病的本质,所以只要出现这些必然证,便可确定为柴胡证。
或然证是指“或胸中烦而不呕、或渴、或腹中痛、或胁下痞满、或心下悸、小便不利、或不渴、或咳者”,这类症状既可见,也可不见,既可多见,也可少见,所以不一定要具备。
从逻辑上来断,柴胡证应是指其必然见证,即寒热往来,胸胁苦满,嘿嘿不欲食,心烦喜呕。
从柴胡证的病机来看,寒热往来属少阳半表半里的典型热型,少阳属半表半里,又为枢机,出可达表,入可在里,邪入其地,则正邪分争,正胜则热,邪胜则寒,故可出现寒热往来,它属传统意义上和解法的范畴。但胸胁苦满,是邪犯少阳、经气不利之故,盖足少阳之脉下胸中贯膈,循胁里,正当胸胁之分,此证按理应属经络表证。而嘿嘿不欲饮食则属胆火内扰,影响胃之功能,已完全属里证。心烦不安,则属胆火内郁上扰,也属里证。因此,从病机来看,柴胡证有里证,有表证,也有半表半里证。
从这个角度分析,小柴胡汤被认为是和法的代表方,不是因为它仅仅可以和解半表半里之邪,而是因为它寒热并用,升降并用,攻补兼施,把各种方法特别是相反相成的方法有机地结合起来,这才是和法的真正含义。
小柴胡汤这张方子和枢机、解郁结、畅三焦、达气机,它不仅可以促进五脏六腑新陈代谢,而且可以调畅人的精神情志,所以发热的疾病用它可以退热、抑郁的精神状态,用它可以解郁消愁,那么脾胃肝肠和胰腺的病变用它,可以促进代谢,妇科病用它可以调整月经和治疗带下,所以古人就说小柴胡汤这张方子基本上可以左右逢源,左翼右有,临床上不管男女老幼,外感内伤都可以用。
小柴胡汤及其变方治疗的病症的确不少,但必须按中医学辨证论治的治疗原则来应用。具体说来有以下几个方面:
一是必须具备柴胡证,这是应用本方的基本指征,这些指征即可出现于表证,也可出现于里证、半表半里证。要按辨证论治的治疗原则,遵仲景“但见一证便是,不必悉具”之旨。
其二,要师其法而不泥其方。张仲景立小柴胡汤,寒温并用,攻补兼施,达到通利三焦,调达上下,宣通内外,和畅气机的目的。方中药物变化可以根据疾病的变化,按其性味功效随证加减。
其三,合其它方药随证化裁加减,灵活应用。方剂是治法的具体体现,小柴胡汤“和法”本质就是融各种方法于一方。所以在临床运用中可以根据病情需要,合其它方,甚至数方于一方,充分体现小柴胡汤组方特点。
张仲景的小柴胡汤在临床上被医家们广泛运用于外感发热、胃寒、呕吐、肺水肿、肝胆等疾病的治疗,由于疗效独特,它不仅对传统医家的组方用药有很好的指导作用,许多现代医家也对这一方剂极为推崇。
感冒后咳嗽常迁延难愈,对抗生素不敏感,用小柴胡汤治疗:若患者表证已除,久咳不愈,多白痰,易咳出,胸肋疼痛、舌淡、苔薄白腻。脉不浮或见细而无力,可用小柴胡汤加细辛、干姜、马蔸铃、陈皮、苏子等;若见咳吐黄痰、舌红、苔黄者,可合用麻杏石甘汤;若病人还有明显的表证,或复感外邪,可随其风寒、风热而用柴胡桂枝汤、柴胡麻黄汤、柴胡银翘散、柴胡桑菊饮之类。
Product name: Poria & Peony Combo Extract
(Shu Gan Wan)
Packing: one bottle contains 200 concentrated pills
Manufactured by Lanzhou Traditional Herbs, China
Ingredients:
Fructus Toosendan
Poria (sclerotium)
While Peany Root
Radix Aucklandiae
Fructus Amomi Rotundvs
Rhizoma Corydalis
Eagle Wood
Villous Amomum fruit
Tuckahoe
Rhizoma Curcumae Longae
Fructus Aurantii
Citrus Peel
Magnolia Bark
Actions: Disperses the stagnated liver-qi for regulating the stomach, regulates qi to relieve pain.
Main indications: Use for the stagnation of qi due to depression of the liver, fullness and distention in the chest and hypochondrium, stomachache, gastric upset and vomiting, eructation and acid regurgitation. It will help digestion, removing food stagnancy and keeping fit.*
Directions: Take 6 pills each time, 3 times a day.
Notes: This formula soothes the Liver. By dispersing and circulating the stagnated Liver-Qi, it harmonizes the Stomach-spleen to relieve pain.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
品名:舒肝丸
拼音:shu gan wan
规格:每瓶200粒浓缩丸
主要成分:川楝子、延胡索(醋制)、白芍(酒炒)、片姜黄、木香、沉香、豆蔻仁、厚朴(姜制)、陈皮、茯苓、枳壳(炒)等。
功能与主治:舒肝和胃,理气止痛。用于肝郁气滞,胸胁胀满,胃脘疼痛,嘈杂呕吐,嗳气泛酸。
服法与用量:口服。成人一次6粒,一日3次。
舒肝丸处方来源于《中国药典》 。 舒肝丸用于肝气郁结横逆犯胃(是肝气郁结的较重表现)。
Body's Balance Decoction (Chai Hu Jia Long Mu Tang)
Packing: 60 capsules per bottle
Product of China
Ingredients: Bupleurum (root), Poria (sclerotium), Cassia (bark), Chinese skullcap (root), etc.
Functions and indications: Sedates the sympathetic nervous system. Applicable to insomnia, anxiety, agitation and neurosis, nervine, fullness sensation in chest, palpitations, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia. It can also be used for drug withdrawal.*
Directions: As a dietary supplement take 3 capsules, 2 times a day.
Caution: Do not use if pregnant.
Notes: Chai Hu Long Gu Mu Li Tang is one of the most useful prescription in TCM developed approximately 1800 years ago. In ancient times, the prescription was used for diseases caused by cold with symptoms of fullness of chest; delirium; irritability; dysuria; heaviness of the extremities; and general malaise. This formula is very practically applied today. Typical modern applications include helping people get off drugs, alcohol and/or smoking; panic attacks; irritability; palpitations; epilepsy; gastritis; headaches (including migraines); insomnia; acid regurgitation; and hypertension. Typically it is administered for people who have a wiry, rapid pulse, with a red tongue.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
【中文名称】柴胡加龙牡汤
【规格】每瓶装60粒
【主要成份】龙骨、柴胡、半夏、黄芩、大黄、桂枝、茯苓、龙牡、甘草、党参、生姜、大枣。
【功能与主治】舒肝平肝,和少阳,清阳明,调理三焦。适用于肝郁气滞,胸满烦惊,卧起不安,口苦咽干,头晕头痛,头晕耳鸣,阵发心悸,背痛,身窜痛,肩臂疼痛,失眠等。
【用法用量】口服,一次3粒,一日2次。
现代用柴胡龙牡汤:
小儿外感-邪在少阳,兼阳明饮食积滞所致的惊悸,心胆不宁、发热、谵语、便闭。
精神疾病(精神抑郁、燥狂症,精神分裂症),小儿夜啼。
更年期综合征及内分泌失调出现精神不宁。
高血压病,美尼尔综合征、眩晕。

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